Can we sex crows? (4)

This is another photo of a female crow, indivicually recognized by the leucostic primaries. The reason why we can tell it is a female is that she does the incubation. Though not a very good capture, I think you can see that the bill and the wing musculature are typical of females.
It is impossible sometimes to tell the sex of a lone crow without any background information about the bird. But it is often possible if you get used to spotting the male/female characteristecs. Furthermore, the plumage of females is duller than that of males.